Cultivating Confidence — From Jung, Freud, Adler to Embodied Practice
From the three views of confidence left by Jung, Freud, and Adler, through voice, expression, atmosphere, and gaze as body language, to the science of self-efficacy, the ethics of negotiation, and the practice of habit and reflection. This ten-volume series builds confidence from the inside and the outside in parallel — a counterpart to the series "Recognising One's Own Overconfidence."
01
What Is Confidence? — The Three Views Left by Jung, Freud, and Adler
Three giants of psychology each observed "confidence" in different terms. Compensation for inferiority (Adler), the negotiation of ego and libido (Freud), connection to the Self (Jung). Three perspectives bring confidence into stereoscopic relief.
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02
When Confidence Collapses — The Anatomy of Anxiety, Shame, and Inferiority
Confidence is not a static possession but a dynamic state that wavers moment by moment. Freud's typology of anxiety, Brené Brown's research on shame, and Adler's inferiority theory expose the structure of collapse.
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03
Between Interior and Exterior — Which Comes First, Inner Confidence or Outer Bearing?
William James's body-first hypothesis, Jung's persona, Goffman's self-presentation, Amy Cuddy's power posing, Bem's self-perception theory, and Zeami's "離見の見" (riken no ken, seeing oneself from the outside) — six traditions that point to the spiral between inside and outside.
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04
The Voice as a Mirror of Confidence — Tone, Pace, and the Power of Pauses
The precise meaning of Mehrabian's non-verbal research, Klofstad's pitch studies, the Apple-Streeter-Krauss speed experiment, Anne Karpf's anthropology of voice, Zeami's theory of vocal music, and Tatekawa Danshi on the rakugo "ma" (pause) — the architecture of confidence carried by the voice.
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05
The Science of Facial Expression — From Ekman's Basic Emotions to Microexpressions
Darwin's universality hypothesis, Duchenne's "true smile," Ekman's basic six expressions and FACS, microexpressions, Strack's facial feedback hypothesis and its replication controversy, and the restraint of the Noh mask — seven perspectives that build the practice of composing one's face.
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06
Creating Atmosphere — The Practice of Bearing, Gesture, and Space
Goffman's face-to-face rituals, Hall's interpersonal distance, Birdwhistell's kinesics, the Alexander Technique, Musashi's Gorin no Sho, Takuan's Fudōchi Shinmyō Roku, Okakura's The Book of Tea, and Zeami — eight traditions converge on the practice of atmosphere.
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07
The Dynamics of Gaze — What the Eyes Convey and Conceal
The dialogic gaze research of Argyle and Kendon, cultural difference, Musashi's "kan no me, ken no me" (the watching eye and the seeing eye), the eye usage of Noh, and the neuroscience of the eye contact effect by Senju & Johnson — seven perspectives that build the practice of gaze.
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08
The Science of Confidence — Self-Efficacy and Cognitive-Behavioural Research
Bandura's four sources of self-efficacy, Dweck's Growth Mindset and Sisk's reassessment meta-analysis, Seligman's learned helplessness and its 2016 theoretical inversion, Beck's cognitive therapy, and Ellis's REBT — five traditions that build a practice of constructing confidence empirically.
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09
Confidence as Negotiating Advantage — Position, Ethics, and Parity
The principled negotiation and BATNA of the Harvard Negotiation Project (Fisher & Ury), Voss's tactical negotiation, Galinsky's perspective-taking research, Tversky & Kahneman's anchoring, and Sun Tzu's wisdom of "winning without fighting" — five traditions that draw out the ethics of confident negotiation.
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10
The Practice of Lasting Confidence — Daily Habit and the Cycle of Reflection
Aristotle's virtue as habit, William James on habit, Wendy Wood's habit science, Pennebaker's journaling research, Schön's reflective practitioner, the daily examinations of Marcus Aurelius and Loyola, and Shu-Ha-Ri — seven traditions, and the integration of the whole ten-volume series.
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A ten-volume series — complete. Paired with the series "Recognising One's Own Overconfidence."
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