Educational·8 topics total

Ethics── Tracing "what is right" from foundations to applied, to research & publication.

Ethics is not about memorizing a rulebook. Only when the foundation of "why we follow rules" and "whose what we are protecting" is in place do applied fields — medical ethics, corporate ethics, professional ethics — gain meaning. Start with the list. Built in the order: Foundations (1〜3) → Applied (4〜6) → Research & Publication (7〜8).

Foundations

What is ethics, in the first place?

Deontology, utilitarianism, virtue ethics ── the three great schools, told as a story of three philosophers debating at a small Tokyo cafe. High-school readable.

If My Wife Were the Patient — Reading Patient Rights as a Stakeholder

A wife declared terminal, the night standard treatment runs out, and the alternative-medicine offers arrive ── reading what "protection of patient rights" actually means, from the seat of the family.

Historical background ── from Nuremberg to Helsinki

WWII medical experiments, the Nuremberg Code (1947), the Declaration of Helsinki (1964), the Belmont Report (1979). The events and documents that gave birth to bioethics.

Applied Ethics

Medical ethics

The four principles — autonomy, non-maleficence, beneficence, justice. Informed consent. The relationship between patient and clinician. Clinical judgment as an ethical act.

Pharmaceutical corporate ethics

Conflicts of interest, data integrity, drug pricing & access, the geography of global clinical trials. Ethical issues unique to a for-profit entity handling medicine.

Personal professional ethics

When organizational rules and personal judgment diverge, by what standard do you act? Daily choices, internal reporting, the craft of speaking up.

Research & Publication

Research ethics: history and present

The Tuskegee syphilis study (1932–72), the Belmont Report, IRB/IEC systems, GCP. How participant protection became institutionalized.

Publication ethics: history and present

Authorship, plagiarism, disclosure of conflicts of interest, peer review, retraction of misconduct papers. The "conscience mechanism" the academic community built for itself.

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