AI and the World's Hard Problems · Astronomy & space · arXiv · 2026-10-26
CosmoAgent: AI Agent for Theoretical Cosmology
CosmoAgent is an agentic framework in which LLMs search for dark-energy and modified-gravity models by exploring a covariant grammar of modified-gravity Lagrangians. Candidates are evaluated against DES 5-year supernova and DESI DR2 BAO data and ranked by AIC. All eight LLMs tested found theories with lower AIC than flat ΛCDM (best ΔAIC = -3.328), but the modest gains do not establish an observational preference over ΛCDM.