AI and Neurological Rare & Neuroimmune Diseases ── Multiple sclerosis ── 2026-10-29

Journals covered and how papers are chosen: see the index

Multiple sclerosis: treatment, trials and AI

• Image-Level Classification of Central Vein Categories on FLAIR MRI in Multiple Sclerosis Using a Lightweight Explainable Deep Learning Framework
  Brain Sciences · 2026-10-26 · Evidence: Retrospective observational (single-center diagnostic model development with internal validation)
  Abstract

  Background/Objectives: The central vein sign can help characterize multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions on MRI, but reading it takes specialist time and experience. We developed a compact convolutional neural network (CNN) and a deep feature engineering (DFE) pipeline for three-class classification of clinically labeled MR images.

  Methods: The MS Vein dataset contains 3181 axial FLAIR images from 154 participants in vein-positive, vein-negative, and control classes. MACDIBNeXt (about 6.5 million parameters) combines pooling-based attention downsampling, grouped convolution, and bottleneck and inverted bottleneck blocks. It was pretrained on Stable ImageNet1k and fine-tuned on a participant-level split (98 training, 25 validation, and 31 test participants). The DFE pipeline extracted 768 global average pooling features, selected 47 with CWINCA in participant-grouped folds of the training data, and classified them with tkNN.

  Results: On 635 held-out test images from 31 participants, the standalone CNN classified 527 correctly (82.99%; participant-cluster bootstrap 95% CI, 77.93–87.66%). DFE classified 571 correctly (89.92%; 85.47–93.82%), with 89.13% macro F1 and Cohen’s κ of 0.83. With participants resampled as clusters, the 6.93-point gain had a 95% CI of 3.33–10.63 points (p = 0.0002), and a cluster-adjusted McNemar test gave p = 0.0021. Grad-CAM activation was intracranial in the displayed examples.

  Conclusions: MACDIBNeXt with DFE gives promising internal, image-level results. Because the data are retrospective, single-center, and labeled on FLAIR images, external participant-level validation is required before clinical use.

  Journal IF-equivalent: 4.3 (OpenAlex 2-year mean citedness, value as of 2026-10-26, retrieved 2026-10-28; not the official Clarivate IF)
  Reference: Tasci I, Elidar G, Albayrak S, Goktas OF, Tuncer T, Baygin M, et al. Image-Level Classification of Central Vein Categories on FLAIR MRI in Multiple Sclerosis Using a Lightweight Explainable Deep Learning Framework. Brain Sci. 2026 Oct 26;16(11):1160. doi:10.3390/brainsci16111160.
  Checked: Abstract only

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