AI Reports · GovAI (Oxford) · 2026-10-17 · Policy position
AI Regulation Protecting Society from AI Misuse: When are Restrictions on Capabilities Warranted? March 2023 Markus Anderljung, Julian Hazell Artificial intelligence (AI) systems will increasingly be
As AI systems grow more capable, they will increasingly be used to cause harm, such as automating fraud or creating harmful fake images. The paper argues that restrictions on capabilities are warranted when other interventions are insufficient, potential harm is high, and targeted intervention is possible. It offers a taxonomy and framework centered on the steps needed for misuse to cause harm, and applies it to predicting novel toxins, creating harmful images, and automating spear phishing.